V.M. Kodentsova1, D.V.
Risnik2, Kh.Kh. Sharafetdinov 1,3,4
1Federal Research
Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety,
Ustyinskiy proezd, d. 2/14, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
2Moscow State
University M.V. Lomonosov,
Lenin Mountains, 1, p. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
3Russian
Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation,
Barricadnaya str., d. 2/1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
4I.M. Sechenov
First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare
of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University),
Trubetskaya str., d. 8/2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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ABSTRACT. Many biologically active
substances, including vitamins, essential minerals, vitamin-like compounds,
have properties that may potentially reduce pathological changes and improve
the condition of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM2).
The
purpose of the review is to characterize the micronutrient sufficiency of
patients with DM2, substantiate the need and advantages of using multicomponent
vitamin-mineral supplements in diet therapy, and compare the doses of
vitamin-like and biologically active substances allowed for use as part of
specialized food products (SFP) and vitamin-mineral supplements (VMS) with
doses that provide a clinical effect.
Patients
with DM2 are characterized by multiple micronutrient deficiencies of varying
degrees, i.e. simultaneous lack of several vitamins and minerals at once. An
analysis of the literature has shown that a sufficiently long-term intake of
VMS containing vitamins at a dose of more than the recommended daily intake
(RDA), providing a higher intake of micronutrients and reducing the risk of
their inadequate intake, leads to an increase in the concentration of micronutrients
in the blood plasma and the elimination of metabolic disorders caused by lack
of micronutrients. Many VMS along with vitamins and minerals contain other
biologically active substances in small quantities. To improve glycemic control
in DM2 and hyperglycemia-related manifestations, daily doses of coenzyme Q
should be 100–200 mg, curcumin – 320–1570 mg, taurine – 3 g, lutein – 10 mg,
cinnamon water extract – 250-500 mg for a duration of 2-6 months, which exceeds
the upper permissible level of consumption in the composition of VMS and SPP.
The criterion for choosing SPP and VMS for patients with DM2 is not just the
presence of micronutrients and antioxidants of plant origin in their
composition, but doses that improve the clinical condition.
KEYWORDS: vitamin-mineral complexes,
biologically active substances, diabetes mellitus, specialized food products,
clinical efficacy.